Raster
Elevation and terrain from grids.
Not yet independently reviewed by a GIS professional.
Raster tools work on the numbers in one pixel or a small window of a satellite image or elevation model: scaling bands to reflectance, spectral indices such as NDVI, and terrain measures such as slope and ruggedness. They are for checking a formula or a pixel by hand, not for processing whole scenes. Start by scaling a band to reflectance, then compute an index from it. All of the raster tools are still experimental.
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Index
See allSpectral indices from surface reflectance: vegetation, water, built-up, and burn severity, each with the paper it comes from.
- Band math
Evaluates your own expression over named bands: arithmetic, comparisons, a conditional, and a short list of functions, parsed and evaluated in the core rather than by a JavaScript evaluator.
- dNBR (burn severity)
The difference between a pre-fire and a post-fire normalized burn ratio, with the published severity ranges it is usually read against.
- EVI
The enhanced vegetation index from blue, red, and near-infrared reflectance, which stays responsive over dense canopy where NDVI saturates.
- EVI2
The two-band enhanced vegetation index from red and near-infrared reflectance, which tracks EVI without needing a blue band.
- MNDWI
The modified normalized difference water index from green and shortwave-infrared reflectance, which separates water from built-up surfaces better than NDWI.
- NBR
The normalized burn ratio from near-infrared and the longer shortwave-infrared band, the index burn severity is measured with.
- NDBI
The normalized difference built-up index from shortwave-infrared and near-infrared reflectance, which highlights roofs, roads, and other built surfaces.
- NDVI
The normalized difference vegetation index from near-infrared and red surface reflectance, the standard measure of how much green vegetation a pixel holds.
- NDWI (Gao, vegetation water)
The normalized difference water index of Gao 1996, from near-infrared and shortwave-infrared reflectance: the one that measures liquid water in vegetation.
- NDWI (McFeeters, open water)
The normalized difference water index of McFeeters 1996, from green and near-infrared reflectance: the one that maps open water.
- SAVI
The soil-adjusted vegetation index from red and near-infrared reflectance, with the soil adjustment factor L, for scenes where bare ground shows through.
Scale
See allTurning a band's stored digital numbers into surface reflectance, with each sensor's own scaling.
- Digital number to reflectance
Turns a band's stored digital number into surface reflectance with its sensor's own scaling: the Sentinel-2 Level-2A offset and quantification value, or the Landsat Collection 2 gain and offset.
Terrain
See allWhat a digital elevation model says about a cell: how steep it is, which way it faces, and how broken the ground around it is.
- Terrain ruggedness and position
The terrain ruggedness index, topographic position index, and roughness for the center of a 3 x 3 elevation window.
- Slope, aspect, and hillshade
Slope, aspect, and hillshade for the center of a 3 x 3 elevation window by Horn's method, with the cell size corrected for latitude on a degree-based grid.