geoprimsField-grade geospatial math

Motion blur and slowest shutter

How many pixels the image smears at your speed and shutter, and the slowest shutter that keeps blur under a limit.

Planning and education aid. Not for primary navigation. Full disclaimer

Experimental: not yet fully verified. How results are checked

0.365

The image smears 0.365 pixels; keep the shutter at 1/730 s or faster.

Slowest shutter
Slowest shutter (fraction)
Provenance
Computed by
drone.photogrammetry.motion-blur 1.0.0, core 0.1.0
Model
Blur = groundspeed × exposure / GSD
Accuracy
Exact for straight, level flight; vibration adds blur
Notes
1 shown with the answer
Cites
Wolf, P. R., Dewitt, B. A., and Wilkinson, B. E., McGraw-Hill, Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS

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How we got thisFormula, worked example, sources, and proof

Model: Blur = groundspeed × exposure / GSD

Accuracy: Exact for straight, level flight; vibration adds blur

Worked example: 10 m/s at 1/1000 s with a 2.741 cm GSD. Source: add-drone-suite scenario: 0.365 px; 1/730 s for 0.5 px. It is golden test vector v001, and every build checks the tool still gives its answer within its tolerance.

You enter

Exposure time
0.001 s
Groundspeed
10 m/s
GSD
2.741 cm

You get

Motion blur
0.365
Slowest shutter
0.00137 s
Slowest shutter (fraction)
1/730 s

Review: Not yet independently reviewed by a Part 107 remote pilot.

Last verified: 2026-09-18, when a maintainer last confirmed this tool's sources at the issuer. See the sources ledger.

Status: version 1.0.0, core 0.1.0. See this tool in the verification report.

Checked against: 5 golden test vectors (download the test vectors, each with its source and tolerance). See how results are checked and every source.

Sources

Terms

GSD: ground sampling distance
The ground width one image pixel covers, such as 2 cm per pixel. A smaller GSD shows more detail. Source: Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS

Experimental means this tool has not yet met the stable bar: at least 20 golden vectors, differential tests, and an independent worked example.