geoprimsField-grade geospatial math

Facade scan

Waypoints for photographing a building face: level passes at a fixed standoff, stacked up the wall with the overlap you set, and the on the facade.

Planning and education aid. Not for primary navigation. Full disclaimer

Experimental: not yet fully verified. How results are checked

0.82cm

Fly 1 pass of 2 photos at 30 m from the wall. Each pixel covers 0.82 cm of the facade.

Waypoints
LatitudeLongitudeHeightHeading
40.4403298 deg-80.0017348 deg12.5 m360.0 deg
40.4403298 deg-80.0016762 deg12.5 m0.0 deg
Photo width on the wall
Photo height on the wall
Photo spacing
Pass spacing
Passes
Photos per pass
Provenance
Computed by
drone.mission.facade 1.0.0, core 0.1.0
Model
Photo footprint on the wall = sensor size × standoff / focal length; GSD = pixel pitch × standoff / focal length (Wolf, Dewitt & Wilkinson 2014, ch. 6). Passes and photos: n = 1 when the span fits one photo, else ⌈(span − footprint)/(footprint × (1 − overlap))⌉ + 1, centered and evenly spaced. Stations by the geodesic direct problem along the facade, offset square to it by the standoff (Karney 2013)
Accuracy
Exact for a flat, vertical facade and a level camera; heights are above the facade's base, not MSL
Notes
1 shown with the answer
Cites
Wolf, P. R., Dewitt, B. A., and Wilkinson, B. E., McGraw-Hill, Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS; Karney, C. F. F., Journal of Geodesy, Algorithms for geodesics

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How we got thisFormula, worked example, sources, and proof

Model: Photo footprint on the wall = sensor size × standoff / focal length; GSD = pixel pitch × standoff / focal length (Wolf, Dewitt & Wilkinson 2014, ch. 6). Passes and photos: n = 1 when the span fits one photo, else ⌈(span − footprint)/(footprint × (1 − overlap))⌉ + 1, centered and evenly spaced. Stations by the geodesic direct problem along the facade, offset square to it by the standoff (Karney 2013)

Accuracy: Exact for a flat, vertical facade and a level camera; heights are above the facade's base, not MSL

Worked example: A 50 m wall, 25 m tall, from 30 m away. Source: add-drone-suite facade GSD scenario (30 m standoff). It is golden test vector v011, and every build checks the tool still gives its answer within its tolerance.

You enter

Facade ends
40.4406, -80.002 40.4406, -80.001411
Focal length
8.8 mm
Image width
5472
Sensor height
8.8 mm
Sensor width
13.2 mm
Standoff
30 m
Top of the wall
25 m

You get

GSD on the facade
0.82 cm
Photo width on the wall
45 m
Photo height on the wall
30 m
Photo spacing
4.97 m
Pass spacing
0 m
Passes
1
Photos per pass
2
Photos
2
Facade length
49.97 m
Path length
5 m

Review: Not yet independently reviewed by a Part 107 remote pilot.

Last verified: 2026-09-18, when a maintainer last confirmed this tool's sources at the issuer. See the sources ledger.

Status: version 1.0.0, core 0.1.0. See this tool in the verification report.

Checked against: 14 golden test vectors (download the test vectors, each with its source and tolerance). See how results are checked and every source.

Sources

Terms

GSD: ground sampling distance
The ground width one image pixel covers, such as 2 cm per pixel. A smaller GSD shows more detail. Source: Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS

Experimental means this tool has not yet met the stable bar: at least 20 golden vectors, differential tests, and an independent worked example.

GSD — ground sampling distance

The ground width one image pixel covers, such as 2 cm per pixel. A smaller GSD shows more detail.

Source: Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS