geoprimsField-grade geospatial math

Off-course correction (1-in-60)

How far you have drifted off track, the turn to parallel your course, and the turn to reach your destination, exactly and by the 1-in-60 rule.

Planning and education aid. Not for primary navigation. Full disclaimer

Experimental: not yet fully verified. How results are checked

7.63°

Turn 7.63° back toward the course to reach your destination, or 3.81° to parallel it.

Turn to reach the destination by the rule
Track error, and the turn to parallel
Track error by the rule
Closing angle
Closing angle by the rule
Provenance
Computed by
aviation.wind.one-in-sixty 1.0.0, core 0.1.0
Model
Track error = atan(off ÷ flown); closing angle = atan(off ÷ remaining); turning by the track error parallels the course, and by the sum reaches the destination. The 1-in-60 rule takes 1 NM off in 60 NM as 1°, so each angle ≈ 60 × off ÷ distance (PHAK, navigation)
Accuracy
The exact angles are flat-plane geometry, fine for legs of a few hundred miles. The rule reads small (tan θ ≈ θ in radians, and 60 ≈ 57.3): about 5% high under 10°, and further off above 20°
Notes
1 shown with the answer
Cites
Federal Aviation Administration, Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25C

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How we got thisFormula, worked example, sources, and proof

Model: Track error = atan(off ÷ flown); closing angle = atan(off ÷ remaining); turning by the track error parallels the course, and by the sum reaches the destination. The 1-in-60 rule takes 1 NM off in 60 NM as 1°, so each angle ≈ 60 × off ÷ distance (PHAK, navigation)

Show your work

  1. Track error

    track error = atan(off ÷ flown)

    atan(4 ÷ 60) = 3.81° (rule: 4°)

  2. Closing angle

    closing angle = atan(off ÷ remaining)

    atan(4 ÷ 60) = 3.81° (rule: 4°)

  3. Turn to the destination

    turn = track error + closing angle

    3.81° + 3.81° = 7.63°

The same steps an agent gets from the MCP server with explain: true.

Accuracy: The exact angles are flat-plane geometry, fine for legs of a few hundred miles. The rule reads small (tan θ ≈ θ in radians, and 60 ≈ 57.3): about 5% high under 10°, and further off above 20°

Worked example: 4 NM off course after 60 NM, with 60 NM to go. Source: add-aviation-suite 1-in-60 scenario: track error 3.81° (rule 4°), turn to the destination 7.63° (rule 8°). It is golden test vector v001, and every build checks the tool still gives its answer within its tolerance.

You enter

Distance flown
60 NM
Distance off course
4 NM
Distance remaining
60 NM

You get

Turn to reach the destination
7.63°
Turn to reach the destination by the rule
Track error, and the turn to parallel
3.81°
Track error by the rule
Closing angle
3.81°
Closing angle by the rule

Review: Not yet independently reviewed by a flight instructor (CFI).

Last verified: 2026-09-19, when a maintainer last confirmed this tool's sources at the issuer. See the sources ledger.

Status: version 1.0.0, core 0.1.0. See this tool in the verification report.

Checked against: 8 golden test vectors (download the test vectors, each with its source and tolerance). See how results are checked and every source.

Sources

Experimental means this tool has not yet met the stable bar: at least 20 golden vectors, differential tests, and an independent worked example.